Linux, mise en œuvre Training
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What is Linux ?

■ Architecture supported

• Freeware, open source, GPL licence, GNU and Linux.
• Why so many distributions.
• And Unix ?
• Where to find documentation for Linux system ?
• Online documentation, howtos and FAQ.
• Web sites, newsgroup and forums.

Starting a Linux system

■ Boot, starting the kernel

• Files involved during the boot sequence (grub, lilo, inittab).
• Runlevel techniques.

Working environment

■ Command line (bash)

• Decoding a command line : $, *, ', " , ´, etc.
• Redirections and pipes (>, |).
• Special charactes (summary).
• Executing commands (alias, function, build-in commands, PATH).

■ Text environment

• .bashrc, .bash_profile, .bash_history files...
• Essental bash variables (PS1, HOME, PATH). The vim editor.

■ Graphical environment

• Role and customization of the X server (xorg.conf, gdm.conf, DISPLAY).
• Working with Gnome or KDE (librairies involved, specific applications).

■ Useful graphical programs

• Browsers, mail tools, managing files, text editors, bookmarks, multi-platform anti-virus, burning media, multimedia.
• Doing everything with a browser (usermin).

Managing files

■ Tree structure

• Standard directories (/bin, /home, /usr).
• File systems (mount, df).
• Basic commands : mkdir, cd, pwd, ls, rm, file, cat...
• Managing file permission (umask, chmod).
• Symbolic links.

■ Partitions and file systems

• Why using disk partitioning ?
• Mounting file systems (ext2, ext3, mount...).
• Removable devices (CDROM, USB removable devices).

Managing processes

■ Linux multitasking

• How to execute scripts or other programs: &, service, shebang, bash script.
• Looking at processus : ps, top, gtop.

■ Processes communication

• Sending a signal with the kill command.
• Arguments used with the service command (start, stop, restart, reload).

Using Linux on a network with Windows (Samba)

■ Protocols, services (TCP/IP, NFS, SMTP, DNS, DHCP, ...

• Remote logins : telnet, ssh.
• File transfer : (s)ftp, rcp.
• Linux and Windows (Samba, server and client). And security !

■ IP configuration of a Linux server

• Looking and managing your configuration (IP, DNS, Gateway) to access the web.
• Managing user parameters related to mail and web browsers.

Installing Linux

• Hardware supported and minimal configuration.
• Information to gather before installing.
• Which partitioning and which file system to use ?
• Working with Windows (multiboot). Usual tricks and tips.

Travaux pratiques
Installing Linux (partitioning the disk, choosing packages, network configuration). Usual problems and solutions (graphical cards, Windows).

System administration complements

• System administration through graphical tools (webmin, system tools, etc.).
• Creating your own account.
• Installing a software (package and source). Examples of rpm and apt-get use. Usual problems and solutions.

Travaux pratiques
Creating a user account using the useradd command and webmin. Installing a software using its source code (tar). Installing a rpm package.